Modelling and simulation of BIPV installations in Norway

Abstract

In this thesis, three BIPV-installations has been simulated, the simulated results of each system have been compared to actual production for the real system. The parameters which are assessed in this thesis are production, performance ratio and di erent system losses. The BIPV-installations which are simulated, are Skarpnes, Solsmaragden and Brynseng located in Arendal, Drammen and Oslo respectively. The simulations are done by obtaining weather data, such as global horizontal irradiance and temperature. The weather data was retrieved in di erent ways. PVsyst was used to generate synthetic data, real measured data on site was used and weather stations located in close proximity was also used. A hypothesis has been carried out in this thesis, regarding facade installations are more bene cial for northern latitudes, compared to southern latitudes. This thesis simulated the same photovoltaic system mounted on the rooftop and on the facade. Installation located in northern latitudes had more similar production for facade compared to rooftop installations than installations for southern latitudes. South oriented facade installations are more productive compared to other orientations. The results of this thesis are in compliance with the literature for this professional area. The simulations estimated a production deviation within a range of 0.24% - 10.69%. Performance results showed values within the range of 65.2% - 81.5%. Losses with regard to these deviations were examined and irregularities in irradiation on-site measuring and shading showed most critical for the installations. Due to huge losses with regards to shading, a partial shading model was used to illustrate the losses for the Brynseng installation. The thesis found the performance of the systems as expected, however the Brynseng system being an installation with improvement potential. The simulations display deviation in production and discovers issues regarding losses for the chosen systems. This information may be used to achieve more accurate evaluation and understanding of BIPV systems located in Norway.